{"id":14554,"date":"2023-08-29T14:18:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T12:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/?page_id=14554"},"modified":"2024-02-06T17:14:48","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T16:14:48","slug":"het-onderwater-cabaret","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/history\/het-onderwater-cabaret\/","title":{"rendered":"Het Onderwater-Cabaret"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ce ce-twocol  pt-large  indent-1 layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">HET ONDERWATER-CABARET<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During the German occupation of the Netherlands, Curt Bloch lived in hiding, to avoid deportation to a labor or extermination camp. Under extremely challenging circumstances, Bloch developed a very personal form of resistance against the Nazi regime: \u201cDuring the time I had to hide, I published a booklet of satirical poems in German and Dutch every week and circulated it among a small group.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In reference to his fugitive situation, Bloch named his publication \u201cHet Onderwater-Cabaret\u201d (The Underwater Cabaret). The title alluded to a modern form of cabaret that had enthralled a large audience during the Weimar Republic (1918\u20131933). Cabaret performances typically consisted of a series of creatively crafted texts, songs, and scenes in which artists criticized societal injustices, mocked celebrities, and confronted the people with their perceived ignorance. Under Nazi rule, political cabarets were censored, closed, or forced to conform. The Dutch radio program \u201cCabaret op zondagmiddag\u201d (Sunday Afternoon Cabaret) may have inspired Bloch to counter this fascist and anti-Semitic propaganda with his own subversive cabaret.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol  pt-medium pb-medium indent-1 layout-9-3  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8815 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1.jpg\" alt width=\"1080\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8815 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201080%20607%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt width=\"1080\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201080%20607%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kalender-bloch_gruen_DE-1.jpg\"><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-large indent-1 layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From 22 August, 1943, to 3 April, 1945, Curt Bloch conceived, wrote, designed, and produced 96 individual copies of \u201cOWC\u201d with a total of 492 poems spanning over 1,700 pages.<\/p>\n<p>In 1943, he published 19 issues of his magazine. The following year: 61, including a special edition in July 1944 with no specific date assigned. The year 1945 included 15 magazines.<\/p>\n<p>The magazines were typically published on Saturdays, but there were particularly productive periods, especially in August and September 1944, when he produced two issues per week.<\/p>\n<p>Curt Bloch\u2019s handmade booklets were slightly smaller than a standard postcard, measuring approximately 10 cm \u00d7 13.5 cm, and usually contained 16 or 20 pages.<\/p>\n<p>All editions are fully preserved in numbered order. Only one poem, <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/afscheid-van-de-gouden-bommen\/\">Farewell to \u2018De Gouden Bommen\u2019<\/a>, had parts of the pages torn out, presumably intentionally, to remove any hints of a hiding place.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce-accordion    indent-1   \">\n\t\t  <div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t  <div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion\"><div class=\"accordion-panel\" data-panel-id=\"content\">\n\t<div class=\"accordion-headline\">\n\t\t<h3>Content<\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content-inner\">\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Curt Bloch mostly drew inspiration for his poems from journalistic newspaper articles, occasionally from illustrations, advertisements, or press photos. Starting from the 19th issue, he pasted his clippings into the booklets, hand-wrote dates on them, and sometimes added source references.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce ce-gallery lightbox-gallery is-threecol  pt-medium     \">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-804x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_75_15-804x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-804x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_60_09-804x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the first year of the OWC, Curt Bloch published 111 poems; in the second year, 302 poems (plus nine in the special edition); and in the third year, 70 poems. Most verses were written in rhymed quatrains, some as couplets or tail-rhymes.<\/p>\n<p>For each issue, he composed a series of self-contained contributions. The number of contributions varied: mostly four to six, but in issue 5 of 1943, there were twelve, and in issue 12 of the same year, only three. Since his readership included both German fugitives and members of the Dutch resistance network, he rhymed in both Dutch (277 poems) and German (214 poems) \u2013 except for one single English poem: <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/6023\/\">To the Allied Forces<\/a>. The fact that he used the language of the hated occupiers led Bloch to provide a <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/rechtvaardiging\/\">justification<\/a> in one issue of his magazine.<\/p>\n<p>The Underwater Cabaret primarily dealt with current events of the time. Many contributions satirized well-known representatives of the Nazi regime, and some even dedicated entire poems to them. Besides Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels, who appeared most frequently in the verses, other figures such as Heinrich Himmler (Reich Interior Minister), Joachim von Ribbentrop (Reich Foreign Minister), Gerd von Rundstedt (Commander-in-Chief West), as well as foreign dictators Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Francisco Franco (Spain) were also targets for ridicule. Prominent Dutch fascists like Arthur Sey\u00df-Inquart (Reichskommissar of the Netherlands), Anton Mussert (founder and leader of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging, NSB), and Maarten van Nierop (NSB member and editor of the Nazi-controlled Twentsch Nieuwsblad) were also targets of his ridicule and mockery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"double-p\">Another major theme of the OWC was the everyday experience of the occupation, including hunger, strikes, and raids. Bloch\u2019s lyrical self also provided deep insights into his emotional world: concern for his family, especially his beloved <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/ein-gruss\/\">sister Helene<\/a>; despair and impatience in hiding; frustration over his isolated situation; gratitude for any form of support; joy at the victories of the Allies; and, repeatedly, hope for a swift return to freedom. Bloch\u2019s rhymes display a wide range of emotions and changing moods depending on the course of the war.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-7-5  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"double-p\">In his poems, Curt Bloch took on various roles. As a warner, he called on the German people to resist the Nazi regime&#8217;s terror. As an accuser, he blamed the Germans for blindly following the \u201cF\u00fchrer\u201d and thus being responsible for the war and its terrible consequences. As a reporter for the OWC, Bloch published imaginary interviews with figures such as Russia\u2019s dictator <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/interview-mit-stalin\/\">Josef Stalin<\/a>, Czechoslovakian President <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/gespraech-mit-benesch\/\">Edvard Bene\u0161<\/a>, or various <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/tiere-klagen\/\">animals<\/a>.<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-large  layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although Bloch often addressed his verses to unattainable literary recipients, his readers could still find themselves in them, especially since they usually ended with hope for an imminent end of the war and liberation by the Allies. For the post-war period, Bloch wrote the text <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/an-meine-deutschen-leser\/\">To My German Readers<\/a>, in which he earnestly asked them to wake up and learn from the mistakes of the past.<\/p>\n<p>Bloch also let his readership in on the challenges of his secret publishing activities. When the Allies did not advance quickly enough in his view and he had to wait a long time for good news, he lamented the resulting lack of topics. Paper became scarce, and so did newspapers and magazines \u2013 his main sources of inspiration. In April 1944, he wanted to completely stop working on the Onderwater-Cabaret and wrote a frustrated <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/afscheid-van-het-owc\/\">Farewell to the OWC<\/a>, but a week later, he resumed his work and distributed the next issue.<\/p>\n<p>At one point, Bloch imagined having to wait a quarter of a century for liberation. This thought experiment resulted in the anniversary poem <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/25-jaren-owc-uit-het-jubileumsnummer-van-1968\/\">25 Years of OWC<\/a> \u2013 a retrospective from the year 1968 on a long period of life in hiding.<\/p>\n<p>With his very last poem, the <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/bovenwaterfinale-van-het-o-w-c\/\">Overwater Finale of the OWC<\/a>, Curt Bloch bid farewell as publisher, editor, author, designer, and producer all in one \u2013 forever.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"accordion-panel\" data-panel-id=\"design\">\n\t<div class=\"accordion-headline\">\n\t\t<h3>Design<\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content-inner\">\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-small  layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While the first covers of the OWC magazine were in black and white, Curt Bloch designed the covers of his magazine in color from the 17th issue in 1943. He cut out letters, images, and shapes from various print media and glued them onto the cover paper.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce ce-gallery lightbox-gallery is-threecol  pt-medium     \">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-806x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-806x1024.webp 806w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-768x976.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-1209x1536.webp 1209w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-1612x2048.webp 1612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20806%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20806%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 806w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-806x1024.webp 806w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-768x976.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-1209x1536.webp 1209w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-1612x2048.webp 1612w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_03_01-806x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-803x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-1204x1536.webp 1204w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-1606x2048.webp 1606w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-1204x1536.webp 1204w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-1606x2048.webp 1606w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_40_01-803x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-804x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-1607x2048.webp 1607w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-1607x2048.webp 1607w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_42_01-804x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-804x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-1609x2048.webp 1609w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-1609x2048.webp 1609w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1943_13_01-804x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-802x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-802x1024.webp 802w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-768x980.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-1204x1536.webp 1204w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-1605x2048.webp 1605w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20802%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20802%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 802w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-802x1024.webp 802w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-768x980.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-1204x1536.webp 1204w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-1605x2048.webp 1605w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_22_01-802x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-804x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20804%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-804x1024.webp 804w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-768x978.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-1206x1536.webp 1206w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-1608x2048.webp 1608w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_69_01-804x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-small  layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In July 1944, Bloch decided to abbreviate the name of his magazine on the cover. Until issue 32 of the second year, he used the title \u201cHet Onderwater-Cabaret.\u201d From issue 33 onward, he used the abbreviation \u201cOWC.\u201d He retained this acronym on the cover until the final magazine.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce ce-gallery lightbox-gallery is-threecol  pt-medium     \">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-795x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-795x1024.webp 795w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-233x300.webp 233w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-768x989.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-1192x1536.webp 1192w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-1590x2048.webp 1590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20795%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20795%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-795x1024.webp 795w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-233x300.webp 233w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-768x989.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-1192x1536.webp 1192w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-1590x2048.webp 1590w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_51_01-795x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-796x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-796x1024.webp 796w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-233x300.webp 233w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-768x989.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-1193x1536.webp 1193w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-1591x2048.webp 1591w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20796%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20796%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 796w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-796x1024.webp 796w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-233x300.webp 233w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-768x989.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-1193x1536.webp 1193w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-1591x2048.webp 1591w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1944_52_01-796x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-small  layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the lettering was not applied by hand, Curt Bloch placed cut-out letterforms for the title HET OWC at different positions on the cover.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce ce-gallery lightbox-gallery is-threecol  pt-medium     \">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-803x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-1606x2048.webp 1606w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-1606x2048.webp 1606w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_88_01-803x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-807x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-807x1024.webp 807w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-768x975.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-1210x1536.webp 1210w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-1614x2048.webp 1614w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20807%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20807%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-807x1024.webp 807w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-236x300.webp 236w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-768x975.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-1210x1536.webp 1210w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-1614x2048.webp 1614w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1945_84_01-807x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-803x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-1607x2048.webp 1607w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20803%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-803x1024.webp 803w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-235x300.webp 235w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-768x979.webp 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-1205x1536.webp 1205w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-1607x2048.webp 1607w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1945_90_01-803x1024.webp\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Just as with the name of his magazine, Bloch\u2019s cover design also refers to the characteristic popular culture of the Weimar Republic. His designs reference the artistic technique of collage, which was also used in contemporary mass media. Satirical and politically provocative collages by artist <a href=\"https:\/\/heartfield.adk.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"link-external\">John Heartfield<\/a> for the socialist Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung were particularly well-known.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An important element of political cabaret was and is music. For this reason, Bloch turned many of his poems into songs. He referred to them as hits, songs, or ballads and structured the text as verses with choruses. In one case, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/lied-van-verzet\/\">Resistance Song<\/a>, Curt Bloch even created a musical notation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ce ce ce-gallery lightbox-gallery is-threecol  pt-medium     \">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png 837w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-768x940.png 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-1255x1536.png 1255w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-1674x2048.png 1674w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20837%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20837%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png 837w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-768x940.png 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-1255x1536.png 1255w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-1674x2048.png 1674w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_86_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gallery-item is-portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png 837w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-768x940.png 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-1255x1536.png 1255w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-1674x2048.png 1674w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"1024\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20837%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20837%201024%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png 837w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-768x940.png 768w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-1255x1536.png 1255w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-1674x2048.png 1674w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1945_84_01-1_Bildergallerie-837x1024.png\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-medium  layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cabaret artists, collage artists, and Curt Bloch \u2013 who, as a trained lawyer, did not have formal design training \u2013 share the fact that they created unique small artworks with the simplest materials and means, using creativity, improvisational talent, and subtle humor.<\/p>\n<p>From issue 4 of the third year onwards, Bloch wrote his poems with ink on wood-containing paper, mostly in cursive, and consistently in block letters. In a final step, he sewed the sheet folds together. Each booklet is a unique work of craftsmanship and design. <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/magazines\/cover\/\">Here<\/a> is an overview of the diversity of OWC covers.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"accordion-panel\" data-panel-id=\"newspapers-and-magazines\">\n\t<div class=\"accordion-headline\">\n\t\t<h3>Newspapers and Magazines<\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content-inner\">\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Like the famous cabarets of the Weimar Republic, Curt Bloch drew inspiration primarily from current societal or political events. His network provided him with Dutch and German print media, the content of which was often influenced by propaganda and censorship by the occupying power. In the Onderwater-Cabaret, he excerpted reports from the official NSB (Dutch Nazi) party organ Volk en Vaderland and newspapers such as Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, Twentsch Nieuwsblad, Het Algemeen Handelsblad, De Courant, Katholieke Illustratie-Zondagsblad, Het Nationale Dagblad, as well as the independent resistance newspaper Trouw.<\/p>\n<p>Bloch\u2019s German-language readings included Das Reich, Koralle, Libelle, Illustrierter Beobachter, Das Illustrierte Blatt (later Neue Frankfurter Illustrierte), Deutsche Illustrierte, M\u00fcnchener Illustrierte Presse, Hamburger Illustrierte Zeitung, Hamburger Fremdenblatt, Stuttgarter Illustrierte, and K\u00f6lnische Illustrierte Zeitung.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol  pt-medium pb-medium  layout-9-3  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_13281\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13281\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13281 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1.jpg\" alt width=\"1080\" height=\"726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-1024x688.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13281 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201080%20726%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt width=\"1080\" height=\"726\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201080%20726%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-1024x688.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/216412_NIOD_Manno-Huizinga_CCO-1.jpg\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13281\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newsstand on the Buitenhof in The Hague with German and Dutch-language newspapers during the time of the Nazi occupation (Menno Huizinga, NIOD\/CCO)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"accordion-panel\" data-panel-id=\"readership-and-circulation\">\n\t<div class=\"accordion-headline\">\n\t\t<h3>Readership and Circulation<\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content-inner\">\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The weekly reading circle of the \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d began in Curt Bloch\u2019s immediate environment, with the people who provided him with shelter, fellow fugitives like Karola Wolf and Bruno L\u00f6wenberg, and members of the resistance movement in Enschede. Once the window shutters were closed at night, Bloch could leave his hiding place. He often sat with his hosts and their visitors in the living room, where he could personally perform the cabaret pieces. However, his audience also included other fugitives and their supporters in different homes. Based on his resarch, Gerard Groeneveld, a Dutch historian and author (<a href=\"https:\/\/wbooks.com\/winkel\/geschiedenis\/het-onderwater-cabaret-satirisch-verzet-van-curt-bloch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"link-external\">Het Onderwater Cabaret<\/a>) estimates that the booklets reached up to thirty people. However, the exact number of readers and their names had to remain unknown due to the clandestine nature of the operation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"double-p\">In addition to the diaries of Anne Frank, Victor Klemperer, and other chroniclers, whose records became invaluable testimonies, Curt Bloch\u2019s \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d now offers us another, very personal glimpse into life during the Nazi era.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-7-5  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"double-p\">The small \u201cOWC\u201d booklets could be discreetly delivered from house to house in a jacket or pants pocket. Getting caught with a magazine that satirized Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders would have been life-threatening for the couriers. In Germany, in 1943, four people who had disseminated one single satirical poem were sentenced to death for \u201cundermining military morale.\u201d Bloch wondered in <a href=\"https:\/\/curt-bloch.com\/en\/text\/ein-ziel\/\">A Goal<\/a>: \u201cWhat would happen to me, I have almost four hundred?\u201d<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol     layout-4-8  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Despite the extensive secret handovers required for circulation, Curt Bloch\u2019s resistance operation remained undiscovered. All 96 editions were returned to him in good condition. After the war, he emigrated to the USA, where he had the booklets bound into four collected volumes.<\/p>\n<p>For decades, the original booklets remained largely unnoticed on the shelf because Bloch&#8217;s children and grandchildren had no direct connection to Europe, European 20th-century history was not extensively taught in their schools, and they only learned German as a foreign language as young adults. Despite having acquired language skills in the meantime, it was a challenge for them to understand Curt Bloch\u2019s handwritten verses, which were filled with numerous abbreviations and outdated terms. Nevertheless, they always wanted to learn more about the \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d and make Curt Bloch&#8217;s creative legacy accessible to all interested parties. Finally, about 80 years after its first publication, this unique historical document can be presented to a worldwide audience.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"accordion-panel\" data-panel-id=\"curt-bloch-and-anne-frank\">\n\t<div class=\"accordion-headline\">\n\t\t<h3>Curt Bloch and Anne Frank<\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content-inner\">\n\n\n<div class=\"ce ce-twocol   pb-large  layout-4-8   align-center\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col col-custom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are numerous similarities in the biographies of Curt Bloch and Anne Frank. They were both born in Germany and moved to the Netherlands due to increasing anti-Jewish persecution \u2013 Bloch as a young lawyer and Frank as a four-year-old with her family. Both went into hiding in the summer of 1942 to protect themselves from deportation and murder. Their works \u2013 Bloch\u2019s magazines and Frank\u2019s diary \u2013 also exhibit parallels: both were created in hiding, an extreme situation marked by existential fear and social isolation. Anne Frank\u2019s diary covers the period from 12 June, 1942, to 1 August, 1944, while Curt Bloch\u2019s \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d was published slightly later, from 22 August, 1943, to 3 April, 1945. Both works contain observations of daily life and provide insights into the authors\u2019 emotions. Both authors recorded in handwriting what moved them during this time \u2013 mostly in Dutch, not their native language.<\/p>\n<p>However, there are also differences: When Anne Frank began her diary, she was preparing to celebrate her 13th birthday; Curt Bloch was already 33 years old when he released the first edition of his \u201cOWC.\u201d Anne Frank occasionally read passages from her diary to fellow hideaways; Bloch did the same but primarily distributed his booklets to other houses so that other fugitives and resistance members could read them. Anne Frank\u2019s diary comprises about 290 pages, while Curt Bloch left behind more than 1,700 pages with his \u201cOWC\u201d alone (he also wrote smaller individual works). Anne Frank recorded approximately 25 poems in her diary, while Curt Bloch exclusively wrote poems in his \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d \u2013 nearly 500 of them. The Frank family hid in Amsterdam in the northwest of the Netherlands, while Bloch found refuge in the eastern region of Enschede. Anne Frank and her sister Margot died together in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Only their father, Otto Frank, survived. Curt Bloch remained in hiding until liberation, when he was 36, and survived as the sole member of his family.<\/p>\n<p>Anne Frank\u2019s diary was published in 1947 and later translated into many languages. The public only became aware of Bloch\u2019s magazines starting in November 2023, thanks to Gerard Groeneveld\u2019s extensive <a href=\"https:\/\/wbooks.com\/winkel\/geschiedenis\/het-onderwater-cabaret-satirisch-verzet-van-curt-bloch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"link-external\">Dutch publication<\/a>, followed by international <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/12\/18\/arts\/design\/dutch-resistance-ww2-magazine-holocaust.html\" class=\"link-external\">media coverage<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jmberlin.de\/ausstellung-het-onderwater-cabaret\" class=\"link-external\">exhibition activities<\/a> at the Jewish Museum Berlin, and, not least, this website.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the diaries of Anne Frank, Victor Klemperer, and other chroniclers, whose records became invaluable testimonies, Curt Bloch\u2019s \u201cOnderwater-Cabaret\u201d now offers us another, very personal glimpse into life during the Nazi era.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":8092,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14554","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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